Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creutzfeldt-Jakob malady - Research Paper Example Creutzfeld-Jakob ailment is brought about by irresistible operators known as prions. Prions are a type of proteins which are basic in the human body and generally innocuous. Yet, when prion proteins are deformed or collapsed they become irresistible making close by sound cells recreate the irregular shape. While the debased cells rapidly break down tissue, the cerebrum structures openings leaving the surface so definitely adjusted it looks like that of a wipe. The uncommon ailment can be transmitted a huge number of ways, for example, by sullying, irregularly or through legacy. Transmission through sullying is delegated those which contract the sickness in the wake of being presented to tainted tissue during medical procedures, for example, cornea transplants. Comprising of under 10% everything being equal, danger of presentation is low, yet still conceivable because of the capacity of irresistible operators to withstand regular disinfection practices of clinical hardware. Most of cases, roughly 85%, are ascribed to the inconsistent event of CDJ where the illness presents suddenly and not credited to another type of transmission. A few cases are considered acquired when found in patients testing positive for certain changed qualities or with a family ancestry of CDJ. This class incorporates most of cases seen in more youthful patients, some being in their late twenties. Indications Exact conclusion of Creutzfekd-Jakob malady is just conceivable by cerebrum biopsy or dissection. Hardly any biopsies are performed because of peril to the patient, powerlessness to guarantee the segment expelled is from an as of now contaminated region and the possibility of others getting the sickness through presentation to the tainted cerebrum tissue.

Short Story on the Afterlife

Short Story on the Afterlife A Dream I Had About the Afterlife The previous evening I envisioned that I had kicked the bucket. It wasnt the typical sort of dream. It wasnt the sort of dream that you wake up captivated, apprehensive, or sad from. It was an option that could be more profound than that. At the point when I kicked the bucket, there was no white light to stroll toward, no flight of stairs in the mists, no brilliant entryway on them, no glorious chorale scoring all of my strides, as though every single one of them beat on the drums of fate, no heart, no energy, no inclination that each breath I took in my human life prompted this second, and that now my fantasies were materializing, and I was climbing towards everlasting magnificence. There was none of that. Be that as it may, similarly there was no dread. There was no uneasiness, or frenzy, or misery. The four feelings I had always connected with death. The feelings that had left my brain disabled, thinking about different options in contrast to continually living with the large day perpetually approaching over me. Feelings that had rendered me futile, unfit to work, thinking about what we are doing on this planet, and why something as astounding as life on earth, with its incomprehensible magnificence and capacity to act out human rapture, could have such a startling and brain desensitizing inverse as death, and how we could know so minimal about it other than at its existential center, it is only the nonappearance of life in a formerly living body. No. Rather than dread or rapture, there was authenticity. Truth be told, there was no uproar. I had kicked the bucket in a medical clinic, in a little room, my friends and family encompassing me as I lay in a bed floating off kindness of a hopeless ailment, as such a large number of have done before me, thus many will do after. As I blurred I felt my troubles blur too. I dont think we understand it when our lives are so occupied, however we generally have our burdens or issues at the forefront of our thoughts, we just dont notice them so much. I contemplated my loved ones. They clasped hands and cried around my bedside, realizing they were seeing the last snapshots of my human life. I speculated that I ought to have been stressing over them, how they would adapt without me, yet three natural words continued coursing in my mind. Life goes on. Life would continue for them. They would be miserable, yet they would discover conclusion, and afterward in the long run it would be their oppor tunity to go as well. None of these things stressed me. I had consistently considered life following death, and by this point I had acknowledged that I would either observe them once more, or that I wouldnt need to. I comprehended that affection rises above life. And afterward it occurred; however it didnt happen in a flash. All through life I had consistently envisioned that the snapshot of death would be like an unexpected force blackout, where in a brief moment, obscurity would overwhelm everything. Yet, it wasnt. It was a steady procedure and I wasnt very sure when life had finished, and whatever came next had started. Those around my bed started to leave the room. They left in a deliberate manner, as though it had recently been chosen how they would do as such. Every one of them did so make a difference of-factly, and that was the primary sign that I may have ignored, as Im sure in ordinary conditions they would be crying and grieving wildly. Rather, every one of them simply left. Some of them held my hand before leaving, and others kissed my temple. And afterward, much the same as that, I was separated from everyone else, but for only a couple of moments. It was at this time I understood that I was seeing my demise out of body. I was remaining in the corner watching this occur, not lying in the bed. And afterward I understood that I presently had a reason. I sat at a table in the room. It was little and there were just two seats. The rendition of myself that I had quite recently been watching got up and sat at the table too. I was sitting over the table from myself. Some way or another investigating my own eyes and gazing back at them simultaneously. Just when you investigate your own eyes would you be able to fathom your reality. And afterward we talked for what felt like 60 minutes, but then it could have gone on for a thousand years in light of the fact that any cognizance that I had of time in my human life had blurred, and I started to imagine that perhaps time didnt exist any longer. We discussed the existence I had lived on earth, about the connections I had framed and the emotions I had, what I had accomplished throughout ever yday life, and what mark I had left on the earth. And afterward I asked myself what would occur straightaway, and obviously didnt know the appropriate response. Similarly as fast as I had acknowledged what my job was in my own ignoring function, I got dumbfounded much quicker. Furthermore, there I was. At a table with someone else, but then in some way or another totally alone all the while; with the most contemplated question ever, and not a solitary answer. I shut my eyes and took in. I took two progressively, long, comparable breaths, and I held the last one. I opened my eyes. And afterward I saw everything. Each dawn and dusk from each conceivable corner of the earth. Each blossom that had ever sprouted, each tree that had ever developed, each mountain that had ever been won. Each animal ashore, in the sky and in the seas. Each man who had ever constructed his fantasies work out and each lady who had ever achieved her most prominent accomplishment. Each new-conceived infant that had ever been conceived, potential in their eyes. I encountered each vibe that would ever be felt, and saw each note that had ever been played, I tasted achievement, I smelled trust and in these things consolidated I saw the essence of God. I arose in my bed and scrutinized my own reality once more. As I compose this I am as yet uninformed of what my fantasy implies. I accept that we are more than skin and bones. I accept that our bodies are only vessels, and I accept that our spirits are continually longing to get away from them. I am uncertain of the great beyond, and I wonder whether this life on earth is basically existence in the wake of death to a past one; that perhaps every life is a the hereafter and in every one we are guaranteed something other than what's expected for the following. I wonder how frequently I have kicked the bucket previously, I wonder how often I will bite the dust once more, and I wonder whether there is some conclusion to this cycle. The main thing we can make certain of is passing, for without death there is no life. There can't be one without the other, yet I don't accept that birth is the start and demise the end. Until it is my opportunity to get learned of what is close to come, I wil l simply continue dreaming.

Blog Archive MBA News An MBA Tops a CFA in Managing Director Positions

Blog Archive MBA News An MBA Tops a CFA in Managing Director Positions If you are struggling to decide between pursuing an MBA or a CFA (chartered financial analyst designation), your choice might have just become a little clearer. A recent Bloomberg Businessweek article reveals that investment bankers who have an MBA have a clear edge on colleagues who have a CFA. Using analysis provided by the London-based financial services Web site eFinancialCareers involving more than 17,000 individuals with ten years of professional experience, Bloomberg Businessweek noted that 16% of managing directors at banks around the world have MBAs, while only 7% of the same group have CFAs. Also, 18% of the MBA graduates included in the study reported their position as managing director, while the number was again lowerâ€"13%â€"for CFA holders. As the article mentions, an MBA is more expensive and can be more time consuming, though earning a CFA is certainly no cakewalkâ€"only 44% of   those who took Level I of the exam in December 2014 passed, and successfully completing all three levels requires hundreds of hours of study. Still, the massive investment of both time and money that is required to attain an MBA might just give you the extra edge you need to really succeed in the business world. Share ThisTweet News

Why Are There So Few Men In Nursing Essays - 1307 Words

Among twenty leading female-dominated professions, registered nurses (RN’s) are the second most occupation that employed women in 2006 ¬. Similar to many traditionally female professions, the percentage of male in nursing is small. In fact, male nurses only comprised eight percent of RN’s in 2008. Although much effort has been made to recruit more men into nursing, many contributing factors have driven them away from this profession. Those factors include poor nursing image, negative public perception, low economic status, and gender stereotypes. One of the most significant factors that deter men from entering the profession is stereotypes. Research shows that men might be more likely to encounter stereotypes than discrimination;†¦show more content†¦There are many stereotypes against male nurses; however, this paper mainly focuses on four stereotypes: â€Å"physicians wanna-be†, â€Å"gay or effeminate†, â€Å"misfit†, and â€Å"men are not caring† . Indeed, stereotypes are the biggest obstacle for men to pursue the profession dominated by women. From Hodes Research in 2005, about 93% RN’s from 498 male responders completed an extensive survey about â€Å"Men in Nursing†. 73% of responders perceived stereotypes as â€Å"the top challenge† for men who sought employment in nursing careers. Furthermore, Burton and Misener discuss how negative media images of men in nursing have shaped stereotypes. Because the image of men commonly associates with dominant roles, public perception assumes men as physicians in the healthcare professions. This stereotype emphasizes that male nurses are those who failed medical school and went the alternative route to be a nurse. Secondly, male nurses are often stereotyped â€Å"gay or effeminate.† The father-in-law criticizes Ben Stiller’s character, from the movie Meet the Parents, that he is effeminate and lacked intelligence to be a physic ian because he is just a nurse. Many people assume nursingShow MoreRelatedThe Pay Gap Between Men And Women1128 Words   |  5 Pagespay gap between men and women has become quite a topic today. The difference in pay are very common now in many career paths where men and women are doing the same work amount. It is rare to think that when men and women are performing the same task and are just as qualified as each other that they would get paid the same. As the â€Å"wage gap† is being discussed more, the question is why do men and women have different wages when they are working the same job. While it seems that men don t have toRead MoreGender Segregation926 Words   |  4 PagesRevisiting the Glass Escalator: The Case of Gender Segregation in a Female Dominated Occupation This critical examination and study, done by Karrie Ann Snyder and Adam Isaiah Green, dives into the data of a predominately women’s job, nursing, to find out if men really have a â€Å"glass escalator† when it comes to advancing up to top positions and dissects the notion of horizontal segregation. The glass escalator theory is one that assumes males in female dominated professions are pushed up the ladderRead MoreEssay about Nursing: Why Not Men?1084 Words   |  5 Pages(Poliafico). Nursing is a profession in the health care field that concentrates on the nurturing care of individuals. The United States currently lacks testosterone (the male hormone) in the nursing field. The subject is something many people have thought about at least once in their lives. Some may argue nursing is a career meant for a woman, while others may argue it is a non-gender specified career option. Either way, the world has come to accept the lack of men in nursing. The nursing profession Read MoreNurses Should Be All Men Not Women1138 Words   |  5 PagesShould Be All Men Not Women† Almost all people refer to nurses that are men as â€Å"male nurses†. But why is that so? We don’t specify â€Å"male judge† or â€Å"male lawyer†, so why so we do it with nurses? It’s because nursing is one of the most female-dominated occupations and is associated with being a â€Å"women’s job† so we feel the need to specify when we have a male nurse. History, media, economic factors and social aspects all play a role into the stereotype that all nurses should be women, not men. HoweverRead MoreGender Segregation926 Words   |  4 PagesRevisiting the Glass Escalator: The Case of Gender Segregation in a Female Dominated Occupation This critical examination and study, done by Karrie Ann Snyder and Adam Isaiah Green, dives into the data of a predominately women’s job, nursing, to find out if men really have a â€Å"glass escalator† when it comes to advancing up to top positions and dissects the notion of horizontal segregation. The glass escalator theory is one that assumes males in female dominated professions are pushed up the ladderRead MoreGender Bias Within The Workplace1129 Words   |  5 Pagesstereotypical categories. For instance, gender bias in the workforce is one of the most common areas where women and men are treated differently. Women are supposed to work in fields such as nursing, office work, and so on; while men work in the fields of construction, engineering, athletics, etc.. In addition, there is a clear difference in the pay amount and promotions that men and women receive. What’s the situation and where does it need changing? What laws have been passed? Before anythingRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Nursing1355 Words   |  6 PagesIn the nursing field, there are different philosophies in how a nurse cares for their patients. Throughout the years since nursing inception, there have been many different philosophies that have contributed to the nursing practice today. For instance, Florence Nightingale was one of the first persons to address the philosophy, â€Å"What is Nursing?† She explained the difference between nursing and medicine (Black, 2007, p.331). As a nurse, the development of your own philosophy can model those previousRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Nursing1362 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the nursing field there are different philosophies in how a nurse cares for their patients. Throughout the years since nursing inception there have been many different philosophies that has contributed to the nursing practice today. For instance, Florence Nightingale was one of the first persons to address the philosophy, â€Å"What is Nursing?† She explained the difference from nursing and medicine (Black, 2007, p.331). As a nurse, the developing of your own philosophy can model thoseRead MoreThe New York State Education Department Office Of Professions999 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge among people in education and especially the medical field that nursing is a massively growing profession. This fact is seen on the New York State Education Department Office of Professions website where there is data that shows the increase of licenses distributed by the state from 2010-2014. While it is known that there are higher numbers of people flocking to nursing as a profession, it is not always clear why people are beginning to choose this path. From what I can think, changes inRead MoreWhere Are The Elementary Male Teachers?919 Words   |  4 Pagesthe halls, or teaching the students. This has been a re-occurring question that I have had for a while and I am hoping to answer it in this paper. So, my question is; why are there not many male elementary school teachers in the school systems? Throughout the years there have been many people across our nation that have asked and even questioned why there are barely any male teachers in our elementary school systems. Some believe it is because males have a tendency to be less patient with children

Personal Statement On Design And The Department - 767 Words

I revisited my brief opinion on design and the department, written prior to entering the program, to evaluate what I have personally learned. It was generic, my knowledge of the discipline limited due to the lack of exposure throughout the first eighteen years of my life in Vietnam: â€Å"As we progress, communication via visual aid have become more and more common, as well as more efficient compared to other means. Powerful designs can transfer messages across, spread messages, and thus raise awareness of social, cultural and individual issues–such is only one of many uses†, I wrote, and such is the textbook definition. Design was to me a blind-spot, and I started the program without expectation of what to come. In reality, design as shown to†¦show more content†¦Additionally,the introduction of building a collection of ideas and inspirations by means of archiving has served as an effective tool battling slumps, personally. Furthermore, closely evaluating my process allows me to have a wider and greater perception of my ideas and the approaches to said ideas; in a way, participating in and recording a detailed process has becoming a means of critical thinking and comprehension, especially as I tackle social and cultural issues within my work. Third, the Graphic Design program helped me recognize the role critique plays within design. As design is meant to communicate, and thus having someone-or even better, multiple someone’s-to engage with your work in a conversation is essential. It is akin to a test run of a product before releasing it, even. Above all, critique gives me the opportunity to articulate my work and the decisions I made, as well as collaboratively problem-solve through discussions. Moreover, I exercise receiving this feedback and incorporating it back into my work, further pushing the capability of the designs. Next, I’ve seen the nuances of the discipline on a larger scale. Evidently, approximately 86% professional designers are Caucasian (Caroll); this indicates the lack in diversity inShow MoreRelatedManaging Organizational Structure at Apple Inc1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Apple Inc. was established by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976 as a computer designer, developer and seller company. However, the company shifted its focus from only personal computer to include other consumer electronics such as portable media player and mobile phone in 2007. Apple Inc becomes one of the most popular makers in its field since it seems that its popularity has increased according to a report on www.statista.com that Apple Inc’s products sales was generallyRead MoreProject Duration And Critical Path Analysis1288 Words   |  6 Pagesdue to design of this system? 11 Question 3. Usability of this proposed system? 11 Question 4. What standardization is maintained in this project development? 11 Question 5. Versatility of this system? 11 References 12-13 ABSTRACT: Personal trainer, Inc. privileges and working focuses on twelve fitness center in Midwestern urban areas. The focuses have done well, and the organization is opening another â€Å"supercenter in the Toronto region. To support their commercial portfolio. Personal trainerRead MoreTechnical And Design Package For Navy Technical Bureau ( Ntb ) As An Engineering Officer792 Words   |  4 Pages(NTB) as an Engineering officer. My key achievements were effective use of organisational resources, organisation improvement activities, managing changes and deliver intended results. My personal role was to provide support in maintaining the technical integrity of the MWV by reviewing the technical and design packages (certification basis and certification plan). Deficiencies were identified among the packages, when overlooked it may end up in delivering maritime material that is not fit for purposeRead MoreTrolley Dodgers Case Essay examples1574 Words   |  7 Pagesrecorded. If employees do not get any payment, so they can directly report to the employer. They also test to review the renumbered payroll check to find the missing one. Substantive Test of Transaction: They can compare the book and payroll bank statement. Therefore, they will prove the bank reconciliation and can look for unmatched dollars amount. iii. Key Audit Objective : Accuracy Dodgers recorded payroll transactions are for the amount of time actually worked and at the proper pay rates accuracyRead MoreEvaluation Of Targets Vrio Framework And Capabilities Of A Firm1038 Words   |  5 Pagesadvantage in the home dà ©cor department. Target has not used its revenue to go towards Research and Development for the Home Dà ©cor Department. Targets current Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA) would be the â€Å"Pay Less and Expect More† aspect of the mission statement. One of the advantages that Target has is store presentation, and the guest shopping experience. They have a strong presence in brand loyalty, high quality products, and marketing. The home dà ©cor department in Target would not be consideredRead MoreLegality and Ethicality of Corporate Governance985 Words   |  4 Pagesis looking to record revenue before the earning process has been completed or before the unconditional exchange has occurred. Terry Reed, the CFO is trying to influenc e the accounting department to look for options to record the sale of 1.2 million in equipment by December 31 to boost earnings on financial statements. The purchasing company does not want the order of equipment delivered until the middle of January. Identifying the legal issues involved and considering state and federal laws andRead MoreFmbT Case Analysis996 Words   |  4 PagesA. PROBLEM STATEMENTS FMB amp; T’s new executive vice president and chief information officer have no clear statement of responsibilities and authority. The situation causes considerable confusion and friction between information technology and the bank’s other business units.    B. OBJECTIVES To present solutions that would clearly define the extent of Information Technology unit’s responsibilities and authority to the bank’s other units, and also to find solution to the bank units’Read MoreApple Inc. Executive Summary Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthe middle 1990s. This made Apple to create a new product line of Fragmented Digital Music through their launch of IPods. In the last decade, Apple has seen a very progressive growth and unparalleled success through new variations, softwares and designs. Apple planned a sophisticated distribution strategy to have a upper hand in the competition with other larger companies. Now Apple sells its products throughout the world through online and retail stores, generating an annual revenue of $21billionRead MoreThe Technology Implementation Plan1007 Words   |  5 Pageswithin a company, make sure that end users contribute into the design process and that the end user will benefit from the change. Managers should communicate constantly and effectively, involve employees, and leadership to endorse the technology and the change process. Implementation plan Technology Implementation plan consist of up-to date and usable procedures for example consist of up to date and usable procedures for example: Design Plans describe how technology will fit into the business andRead MoreLetter Sample Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching Assistant Professor in the Department of Linguistics. I am currently a doctoral candidate at Ohio State University (OSU) in Columbus with a specialization in Foreign, Second, and Multilingual Language Education (within the TESOL program) and an additional interdisciplinary specialization in Educational Technology. I completed my dissertation oral defend in June and will officially graduate in this early August 2017. I look forward to contributing to your department by conducting collaborative research

Analysis Of Mtv s Girl Code And Guy Code - 922 Words

Writing Assignment Hegemony is the term for how one group gains and maintains power over other groups of people, they accomplish this by using media as an agent to normalize their power, so even the subaltern groups deem it the norm (Hegemony, slide #). How groups are represented in mainstream media and even if and when they are represented shapes the way the viewers, and thus the public, view different groups (Critical Media Literacy part I, slide #). The way these groups are portrayed is for the most part a conscious choice on the part of the creators, each portrayal is carefully crafted to send the audience a certain message about ideology and societal norms (Kenner, 6). MTV’s Girl Code and Guy Code are set up very similarly and it would be easy to brush off their differences, but in comparison these texts say a great deal about the way contemporary culture perceives gender. Gender refers to the way society expects one to act depending on where they adhere to the gender bin ary, men or women (Categorical Thinking, #). Even with the very premise of the shows it say a great deal about gender as it implies a rigid and absolute correlation –or categorical way of thinking- that gender and sex are the same, while it also excludes those who do not fall into the categories laid out (Categorical Thinking, slide 3). Girl Code and Guy Code very much so are set up to reinforce the hegemonic views of gender in society. Both texts have a similar segment of how to â€Å"pick up† someone.Show MoreRelatedEssay Mtv And The Madonna Phenomenon2134 Words   |  9 Pages MTV and The Madonna Phenomenon quot;Madonnas intuitive grasp on the televisual world in which we live- of the mediums possibilities for engaging spectators in diverse ways- that in part accounts for her success. She is the supreme television heroine.quot; (E. Ann Kaplan 271) quot;What are the main theories which we have studied so far and how have they affected how you view television?quot;-This is the question which this paper is supposed to answer. Obviously there is not enough time orRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pagesfan communities where they learn to incorporate certain forms of English into both their speech and writing to show that they’re a part of youth culture. As a result, American slang and related resources have become a global code for youth worldwide embedded in a local code — the national language. â€Å"American,† writes H. L. Mencken,† shows its character in a constant experimentation, a wide hospitality to novelty, a steady reaching out for new and vivid forms. 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In this aspect, it ´s important to mention that the development of a child ´s brain depending on what type of messages and stimulus he receives when he is small will strongly determineRead MoreBranding in Clothing Industry22425 Words   |  90 Pagesdifferent research traditions 3.2.2 Quantitative versus qualitative analysis 3.2.3 Reliability and validity of data 3.3 Justification of research method 3.4 Sampling 3.5 Interview schedule 3.5.1 Stage one 3.5.2 Stage two 3.5.3 Stage three 3.6 Administration 3.7 Analysis strategy 3.7.1 Grounded theory and its relationship to qualitative data analysis 3.7.2 Within-case and cross-case analysis 3.7.2.1 Within-case analysis 3.7.2.2 Cross-case analysis 3.8 Summary 24 24 24 24 25 26 27 29 31 31 32 34 34 34 34 Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesthe case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I VRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? 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Gullivers Travels Essay free essay sample

In his novel Gullivers Travels, Swift succesfuly uses satire to portray mans pride and folly. Gullivers pride is displayed when he enters the island of Liliput and becomes the pocket-sized peoples savyor. However, his folly is revealed when he gets a huge wake up call after entering Brobdingnag. Through his use of satircal writing, Swift tells the story of how Gulliver reacts and responds to these completely opposite societies. After abandoning ship and swimming to an unknown shore, Gulliver hardly expected to find himself tied down by a society of people half a foot tall. The Lilputions had seen nothing like Gulliver before. Appropriately, they give him the title of Man-Mountain and grant him is freedom in exchange for his loyalty. Gulliver began to feel a sort of self-importance, being much larger than everyone else in Liliput. Swift creates Liliput to mirror the English court. The Liliputians and the Blefuscudians are enemies because one group wants to break the egg on the small end and the other wants to break it on the big end. We will write a custom essay sample on Gullivers Travels Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just like the English, the two miniscule societies are fighting over insignificant issues. When told to destroy the Blefuscudians fleet he instead picks up the men and brings them to the Liliputions to form a peace treaty. After saving the Liliputions from an attack , Gullivers confidence was at an all-time high. Needless to say, being a colossus gave him rank and importance very flattering to his pride. The Liliputions consider Gullivers attempt of kindness as a form of treason and sentence him to have his eyes gouged out. After nine months of living in Liliput, Gulliver has had enough and leaves right as the Liliputions are deciding how to execute him. Not long after getting home, Gulliver embarks on his next journey. He spends almost a year at sea before entering Brobdingnag, the land of the big people. The tables have turned, and Gulliver is scared out of his wits. To the Brobdingnagians, Gulliver is six inches tall and poses no threate. All though harmless, Gulliver is thought to be a freak of a creature. His glorious title of Man-Mountain has been denounced to an animal; his pride has turned into his foolishness. While living with the Queen, Gulliver tries to explain to the King how wonderful his country is. He describes Englands ways of democracy and the inventions his country has created. However, the King is far from impressed about Gullivers society. He is disgusted with its corruption and lies and gunpowder. He is so apauled that he threatens Gulliver with death if he mentions gun powder another time. While Gulliver thinks he is the best thing to come into Brobdingnag, everyone else considers him rat like and completely unimportant. Through Gulliver, swift explores human shortcomings through two different perspectives. He shows Gullivers over exceding pride while on Liliput and his humbleness in Brobdingnag. His pride and folly.

Philippine Presidents free essay sample

The  Philippines officially known as the  Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia  in the  western Pacific Ocean. The Philippines is a constitutional republic with a  presidential system  of government. It is governed as a  unitary state  with the exception of the  Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao  which is largely free from the national government. The  President of the Philippines  is the  head of state  governing the country. According to the Philippine government, the office has been held by politicians who were inaugurated as  President of the Philippines  following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declared the existence of the  Philippines Philippine Presidents, which are locally known as Ang Pangulo, are the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Philippine Presidents serve a term of six years in office. The President of the Philippines heads the Executive Branch of the government that includes the Cabinet and all executive departments. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Presidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The President of the Philippines is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Philippines has undergone many transitions in the government from the First Philippine Republic going to the Fifth Philippine Republic. Note that the Presidents under the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under United States sovereignty, and that of the Second Republic is considered to be a puppet government of the Japanese during World War II The country has had a total of fifteen Philippine Presidents. Below is the list of the Presidents of the Philippines. The  judicial  power is vested in the  Supreme Court, composed of a  Chief Justice  as its presiding officer and fourteen  associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the President from nominations submitted by the  Judicial and Bar Council. There have been attempts to change the government to a  federal,  unicameral, or  parliamentary government  since the Ramos administration. In order to become informed participants in a democracy, students must learn about the women and men who make decisions concerning their lives, their country, and the world. The president of the Philippines is one such leader. As a nation, we place no greater responsibility on any one individual than we do on the president. Through these lessons, students learn about the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine president and their own roles as citizens of a democracy. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo . Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be considered the inaugural holder of the office. The president appoints, with consent of the Commission on Appointments, members of the Constitutional Commissions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in the President in the 1987 Constitution. The members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president, based on a list prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. These appointments do not need the consent of the Commission on Appointments. 1 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 2 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 3 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. General Emilio F. Aguinaldo. First President of the Republic of the Philippines. Aguinaldo’s presidential term formally began in 1898 and ended on April 1, 1901, when he took an oath of allegiance to the United States a week after his capture in Palanan, Isabela. His term also featured the setting up of the Malolos Republic, which has its own Congress, Constitution, and national and local officialdom proving Filipinos also had the capacity to build. Aguinaldo is best remembered for the proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite. Manuel L. Quezon. First of the Philippine Presidents of the Commonwealth. He won the elections held in September 1935 to choose the head of the Commonwealth Government. It was a government made possible by the Tydings-McDuffie Law, which Quezon secured from the U. S. Quezon’s term (1935 1944), though chiefly known for making Pilipino the national language, tried to solve nagging problems inherited from the Spanish and American administrations. The Commonwealth Government was interrupted by the Japanese invasion of 1941. Quezon and his government were forced to go into exile in the U. S. He died on August 1, 1944, in New York. Jose P. Laurel. President of the Second Republic of the Philippines. He was elected by the National Assembly as President of the Republic on September 25, 1943 and inducted on October 14, 1943. This unicameral assembly was created through the sponsorship of the Japanese authorities. Sergio Osmena. Second President of the Philippine Commonwealth. He was elected Vice President of the Philippines in 1935 and succeeded Quezon to the Presidency in-exile. Manuel A. Roxas. Last of the Philippine Presidents of the Philippine Commonwealth. First President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He won the elections by a slim margin. He was inaugurated on July 4, 1946, the day the U. S. government granted political independence to its colony. The short-lived Roxas administration (1946 1948) embarked on a course that resulted in what were considered as his greatest achievements, namely: the ratification of the Bell Trade Act; the inclusion of the Parity Amendment in the Constitution; and the signing of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement. Roxas was not able to complete his presidential term; he died from a heart attack at Clark Air base on April 15, 1948. Elpidio Quirino. Second President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. Being the Vice President, he took over the Presidency after Roxas’ death. And, he managed to retain the position after winning over Laurel in the infamous fraud-tainted 1949 elections. The Quirino administration (1948 1953) focused on two objectives: 1) to regain faith and confidence in the government; and 2) to restore peace and order. He was more successful in the second objective – breaking the back of the Hukbalahap Movement in Central Luzon. Ramon Magsaysay. Third President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He was largely famous for his success in the peace campaign. He defeated Quirino in the 1953 presidential elections by an unprecedented margin of votes. Many regard Magsaysay as one of the Philippine Presidents whose heart truly bled for the common man. He toured the barrios, opened up Malacanang to the public, solicited and acted upon their complaints, built artesian wells and roads. He had Congress pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954, providing greater protection to tenants. Death came to Magsaysay when his plane crashed at Mount Pinatubo in the early morning of March 17, 1957. Carlos P. Garcia. Fourth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines He presided over the eight months of Magsaysay’s remaining term and went on to win the 1957 elections, â€Å"the noisiest and the most expensive in Philippine history. † Garcia’s administration (1957 1961) was anchored in his austerity program. It was also noted for its Filipino First policy – an attempt to boost economic independence. Diosdado Macapagal. Fifth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Garcia in the presidential elections of November 14, 1961. Mapacagal – who styled himself as the â€Å"poor boy† from Lubao (Pampanga) – completed pre-law and Associate in Arts at UP; however, he was a law graduate of the University of Santo Tomas. Macapagal’s administration (1961 1965) is best remembered for resetting the date of the celebration of Philippine Independence Day – from July 4 when the U. S. turned over the reins of government in 1946 to the more correct date of June 12 when Aguinaldo declared independence in 1898. Ferdinand E. Marcos. Sixth and last President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Macapagal in the 1965 presidential elections. And the two-decade era of Marcos (1965 1986) began. Marcos entered politics with an eye to eventually capturing the presidency. In his maiden campaign in 1949, he said: â€Å"Elect me your congressman now and I’ll give you an Ilokano President in 20 years. † He won that election and was returned thrice to Congress as Ilocos Norte’s congressman. In 1959, he was elected to the Philippine Senate and in 1963, he became its president. Completing the presidential term in 1969, he won a reelection . In 1972, he declared martial law. The rest, as the most infamous of Philippine Presidents is history. Corazon C. Aquino. First President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. First Woman among Philippine Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines. President from 1986 to 1992, she is associated with the EDSA Revolt. She refused to run for reelection in the 1992 presidential elections; but instead endorsed and worked very hard for her chosen candidate – Fidel V. Ramos. Fidel V. Ramos. Second President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. He was the military hero of the February 1986 Philippine People Power Revolution and victor of the first multiparty presidential elections in 1992, thus becoming the 12th President of the Republic of the Philippines. Joseph M. Estrada. Third President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. As vice president, Estrada headed an anticrime commission from 1992 to 1997. In 1998 Estrada won the Philippine presidential elections. In October 2000 he became mired in a corruption scandal, however, and the House of Representatives impeached him in November. Estrada was forced from power on January 20. That day, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant, effectively ousting Estrada from office, and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in as president. Gloria M. Arroyo. Fourth of the Philippine Presidents of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. She is the incumbent President. She replaced deposed president Joseph Estrada midway through his six-year term. She is the 14th president of the republic and the second woman to hold the office. Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino II   also known as  Noynoy Aquino  or  PNoy , is a  Filipino  politician who has been the  15th  and current  President of the Philippines  since June 2010. 3][5][6] Aquino is a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather,  Servillano Mianong Aquino, served as a  delegate  to the  Malolos Congress;[7]  his grandfather,  Benigno Aquino, Sr. , served as  Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives  from 1943 to 1944;[8]  and his parents were Preside nt  Corazon Aquino  and Senator  Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. Aquino is a member of the  Liberal Party. [9]  In the  Liberal Party, Aquino held various positions such as Secretary General and Vice President forLuzon. Aquino is currently the  Chairman  of the Liberal Party The line of Philippine Presidents is considered to be continuous in spite of many changes in  constitutions  and forms of government. While  Emilio Aguinaldo  is traditionally considered to be the first, and youngest ever, Philippine president, the revolutionary  Republica Filipina, formed after the  Philippine revolution, was not recognized by other states at that time (although it is now considered to be the first Southeast Asian republic). Following the  Philippine-American War, the United States created the  Philippine Commonwealth, supposed to be a transitional government in preparation for full independence. Manuel L. Quezon, the first President of the Commonwealth and the first Philippine President elected into office, was considered by the United States to be the first Philippine President of the first Philippine Republic. At one point, the Philippines had two presidents heading two governments at the same time. This occurred during  World War II, when Japan occupied the country. One president was  Manuel L. Quezon  heading the  Commonwealth  government-in-exile in America(considered  de jure) and the other was  J. P. Laurel, who had been instructed by Quezon to remain in Manila, heading the Japanese-sponsored republic (considered  de facto). Laurel, however, was not formally recognized as a Philippine president until the  Macapagaladministration. However, as Laurels puppet republic was formally rejected after  World War II  and none of its statutes or actions were considered legal or binding, it would be inaccurate to consider Laurel the successor of Osmena or vice versa. Laurel, the first and only President of the  Second Republic, had no predecessor and successor, while Osmena was Quezons successor and Roxas was Osmenas successor. Ferdinand Marcos  (1965-1986) was the President with the longest term (over twenty years) and the most reelections (four, counting the  1986 snap elections). He was first elected in 1965 to serve a four-year term. Since under the  1935 Constitution, a President may run for reelection but may not serve for more than 8 years, he was reelected in 1969, to serve until 1972. Before his term ended, however, he declared  Martial Law  in 1972, which allowed him to stay in power until it was lifted in 1981. In 1973, however, he called for aConstitutional Convention, which produced the  1973 Constitution, under which the President has a six-year term but has no limitation on reelection. In 1981, Marcos was reelected for the third time. He called for a  snap election  in 1986 to allay escalating public discontent, and was again proclaimed the winner. However, he was ousted shortly afterwards by theEDSA People Power Revolution. To date, he is also the last Senate President to be elected President of the Philippines (the first Senate President to be elected Philippine President was  Manuel L. Quezon, who served the second longest term (nine years, from 1935 until his death in 1944) and the second most number of reelections (he was reelected twice). ) Marcos’s successor was the Philippines’ first female President,  Corazon Aquino, installed as President by the  EDSA Revolution of 1986. The second female President is  Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, also installed as President by the so-called  EDSA Dos  which ousted  Joseph Estrada. Estrada is now the first Philippine President to be tried and convicted of plunder committed during his term of office | | | |

Cost Sheet Analysis of Britania Essay Example

Cost Sheet Analysis of Britania Essay Example Cost Sheet Analysis of Britania Essay Cost Sheet Analysis of Britania Essay Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi 2A amp; 2B, Madhuban Chowk, Outer Ring Road, Phase-1, Delhi-110085 Cost Sheet Analysis of Britannia Bread STUDENT s DECLARATION This is to certify that I have completed the Project titled COST SHEET ANALYSIS OF BRITANNIA BREAD under the guidance of Ms. NITIKA SHARMA in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor in Business Administration from Rukmini Devi Institute of Advanced Studies, New Delhi. This is an original work and I have not submitted it earlier elsewhere.Name of the Student – RINKI KHATRI Enrollment No. 03515901711 Class amp; Section- BBA – SEMESTER 3 CERTIFICATE OF GUIDE This is to certify that the project titled COST SHEET ANALYSIS OF BRITANNIA BREAD is an academic work done by RINKI KHATRI submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelors in Business Administration from Rukmini Devi Institute of Advanced Studies, New Delhi. under my guidance and direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data and information presented by him / her in the project has not been submitted earlier elsewhere.Name of the Faculty – NITIKA SHARMA Designation of the Faculty RDIAS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I offer my sincere thanks and humble regards to Rukmini Devi Institute Of Advanced Studies, GGSIP University, New Delhi for imparting us very valuable professional training in MBA. I pay my gratitude and sincere regards to Ms. Nitika Sharma, my project Guide for giving me the cream of his knowledge. I am thankful to him as he has been a constant source of advice, motivation and inspiration. I am also thankful to him for giving his suggestions and encouragement throughout the project work.I take the opportunity to express my gratitude and thanks to our computer Lab staff and library staff for providing me opportunity to utilize their resources for the completion of the project. I am also thankful to my family and friends for constantly motivating me to complete the project and providing me an environment which enhanced my knowledge. Name of the Student – Rinki Khatri Enrollment No. 03515901711 Class amp; Sec – BBA-2-3 SEMESTER Executive Summary This project is an attempt to give knowledge about Cost Sheet Analysis of Britannia Bread. It aims to make its reader well versed with each and every aspects of Britannia Bread.It throws light on the following:- 1) In 1st chapter you will find the introduction of the project report and its objective. 2) In 2nd chapter you will find the introduction of Britannia Company, its history 3) In 3rd chapter, you will find the research methodology used in the project report. 4) In 4th chapter you will find how data is collected and its analysis. 5) In 5th chapter there are findings and conclusion about 5the project report. 6) In 6th chapter you will find some suggestions about the project. CONTENTS TOPIC PAGE NO Chapter I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8-34 Plan of the Study . 1Introduction to topic 1. 2 Objective of the study 1. 3 Literature review And/or Theoretical Background Chapter II†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 35-43 Company Profile / Industry profile or details Chapter III†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦44-49 Research Methodology 3. 1 Purpose of the study 3. 2 Research Objectives of the study 3. 3 Research Methodology of the study 3. 3. 1 Research Design 3. 3. 2 Data Collection 3. 3. 3Method of data collection 3. 3. 4Limitations Chapter IV†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦50-60 Data Analysis and Interpretation Chapter V†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 61-64 Findings amp; Conclusions Chapter VI†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦65-66Suggestion/ Recommendation BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 67 ANNEXURES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 68-70 Chapter 1 Introduction MEANING OF COST COST’ repr esents a sacrifice of values, a foregoing or a release of something of value. It is the price of economic resources used as a result of producing or doing the thing costed. It is the amount of expenditure incurred on a given thing. Cost has been defined as the amount measured in money or cash expended or other party transferred, capital stock issued, services performed or a liability incurred in consideration of goods and serviced received or to be received.By cost, we mean the actual cost i. e. historical cost. ICWA (UK) defines cost as the amount of expenditure (actual or notional) incurred on, or attributable to a specified thing or activity. CLASSIFICATION OF COST Cost classification is the process of grouping costs according to their common features. Costs are to be classified in such a manner that they are identified with cost center or cost unit. ON THE BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR OF COST Behavior means change in cost due to change in output. On the basis of behavior cost is classified into the following categories: FIXED COSTIt is that portion of the total cost which remains constant irrespective of the output upto capacity limit. It is called as a period cost as it is concerned with period. It depends upon the passage of time. It is also referred to as non-variable cost or stand by cost, capacity cost or period cost. It tends to be unaffected by variations in output. These costs provide conditions for production rather than costs of production. They are created by contractual obligations and managerial decisions. Rent of premises, taxes and insurance, staff salaries constitute fixed cost. VARIABLE COST This cost varies according to the output.In other words, it is a cost which changes according to the changes in output. It tends to vary in direct proportion to output. If the output is decreased, variable cost also will decrease. It is concerned with output or product. Therefore, it is called as a product cost. If the output is doubled, variable cost will also be doubled. For example, direct material, direct labour, direct expenses and variable overheads. It is shown in the diagram below. SEMI-VARIABLE COST This is also referred to as semi-fixed or partly variable cost. It remains constant up to a certain level and registers change afterwards.These costs vary in some degree with volume but not in direct or same proportion. Such costs are fixed only in relation to specified constant conditions. For example, repairs and maintenance of machinery, telephone charges, supervision professional tax, etc. ON THE BASIS OF ELEMENTS OF COST Elements means nature of items. A cost is composed of three elements, material, labour and expenses. Each of these elements can be direct and indirect. DIRECT COST It is the cost which is directly chargeable to the product manufactured. It is easily identifiable. Direct cost consists of three elements which are as follows:DIRECT MATERIAL It is the cost of basic raw material used for manufacturing a product. It becomes a part of the product. No finished product can be manufactured without basic raw materials. It is easily identifiable and chargeable to the product. For example, leather in leatherwares, pulp in paper, steel in steel furniture, sugarcane for sugarcane etc. what is raw material for one manufacturer might be finished product for another. Direct material includes the following: 1. All materials specially purchased for production or the process. 2. All components purchased for production or the rocess. 3. Material transferred from one cost center to another or one process to another. 4. Primary packing materials, wrappings, cardboard boxes etc, necessary for preservation or protection of product. Some of the items like nails or thread in the store are a part of finished product. They are not treated as direct materials in view of negligible cost. DIRECT LABOUR OR DIRECT WAGES It is the amount paid to those workers who are engaged in the manufacturing line for conversion of raw materials into finished goods. The amount of wages can be easily identified and directly charged to the product.These workers directly handle raw materials, work in progress and finished goods on the production line. Wages paid to the workers operating lathes, drilling, cutting machines etc are direct wages. Direct wages are also as productive labour, process labour or prime cost labour. Direct wages include the payment made to the following group of workers: 1. Labour engaged on the capital production of the product. 2. Labour engaged in aiding the operations viz. Supervisor, Foreman, Shop clerks and Worker on internal transport. 3. Inspectors, Analysts needed for such production. DIRECT EXPENSES OR CHARGEABLE EXPENSESIt is the amount of expenses which is directly chargeable to the product manufactured or which may be allocated to product directly. It can be easily identified with the product. For example, hire charges of a special machine used for manufacturing a product, cost of designing the product, cost of patterns, architects fees/surveyors fees, or job cost of experimental work carried out especially for a job etc. Cost of special drawings, cost of special layout designs, patents, patterns, cost of models, surveyors fees, Excise duty, royalty on production, cost of rectifying defective work.Utility of such expenses is exhausted on completion of job. INDIRECT COST It is that portion of the total cost which cannot be identified and charged directly to the product. It has to be allocated and apportioned and absorbed over the units manufactured on a suitable basis. It consists of the following three elements: INDIRECT MATERIAL It is the cost of the material other than direct material which cannot be charged to the product directly. It cannot be treated as a part of the product. It is also known as expenses materials.It is the material which cannot be allocated to the product but which can be apportioned to the cost units. Examples are as follows: 1. Lubricants, cotton waste, oil, grease, stationery etc 2. Small tools for general use 3. Some minor items such as thread in dress making, cost of nails in shoemaking etc INDIRECT LABOUR It is the amount of wages paid to those workers who are not engaged on the manufacturing line, for example, wages of workers in administration department, watch n ward department, sales department, general supervision. INDIRECT EXPENSESIt is the amount of expenses which is not chargeable to the product directly. It is the cost of giving service to the production department. It includes factory expenses, administrative expenses, selling and distribution expenses etc. Overheads Or On Cost Or Burden Or Supplementary Cost Aggregate of indirect cost is referred to as overheads. It arises as a result of overall operation of a business. According to Weldon overheads mean, the cost of indirect material, indirect labour and such other expenses, including services as cannot conveniently be charged direct to specific cost units.It includes all manufacturing and nons of such costs are rent, rated and taxes of factory premises, salary of general manager, foreman, watchman, insurance, depreciation etc. These expenses incur according to the unit of time and not according to level of production. Hence sometimes it is called as periodic cost.For example such fixed cost is ascertained of a particular concern Rs. 12000 pm. The capacity of this concern is to produce 1000 units pm. If they produce 100 units or 500 units or 700 units or 100 units the fixed cost will remain constant at all these levels of output. This fixed cost remains fixed at all levels of output, but the cost per unit changes if there is a change in the level of output. VARIABLE COST It is the cost which tends to vary directly with the volume of output. If there is increase in output this cost increases and vice versa. The change in the variable cost takes place in the same direction in which the level of output changes.This cost consists of direct materials, direct wages, direct expenses and some part of indirect expenses which varied according to the level of output. Say for example if standard unit of final product requires the raw materials of Rs. 20 per unit the expenses on direct materials will change if level of output changes. However variable cost per unit will remain unchanged provided the price level d oes not change. SEMIs of such expenses are depreciation of plant and machinery, maintenance of factory building etc.These expenses will increase if factory is run from single shift to double or triple shifts. Depreciation and maintenance will increase but not in the same ratio, the output increases. Thus these expenses are neither fixed nor variable cent percent. Hence they are called as semi variable expenses. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. This project was undertaken to have an insight into the cost structure of Britannia. 2. The objective of cost sheet analysis is to determine the cost and with this cost we can find profit margin for the Britannia. 3. To study how cost sheet analysis is helping the Britannia Company in controlling the cost. 4. To analyse the cost of advertisement done by Britannia Company through cost sheet analysis. 5.To study, how Britannia Company determine the cost of its product through cost sheet analysis. LITERATURE REVIEW The multi-billion food and beverage i ndustry comprises several markets including bakery products such as bread, biscuits etc. , milk and dairy products, beverages such as tea, coffee, juices, bottled water etc. , snack food, chocolates, etc. beverage, confectionery, processed foods and others. Indias Food and Beverage industry is valued at Rs. 3584 billion. India produces above 600 million tonnes of food products every year and is one of the major producers of food in the world. The food and beverage industry registered a growth rate of 8. 5% in 2005-06.With increase in disposable income of consumers, growing awareness among consumers about health products, rapid urbanization, and increasing popularity of convenience foods, food and beverage sector is expected to grow at a high rate. This sector holds a huge potential to grow because of the increase in advertisement spending, awareness campaign about products in urban as well as rural areas, and large scale transformation. The food and beverage industry is primarily dr iven by consumer health trends. Presently, the food and beverage industry is in a dynamic phase, marked by a high degree of competition. As product development within the food and beverage market moves towards a focus on health and nutrition, the growth and development of food manufacturers in the market depends on having prudent strategies in place, which can be applied globally.In effect, this has created a highly competitive market place, which fosters growth of participants with a clear vision of growing with their customers. The major players in the Food and Beverage Industry is: Heinz, Mars, Marico, Conagra, Pepsi, HLL, Pillsbury, Nestle, Amul, ITC, Dabur, Britannia, Cadbury, Smith Kline Beecham, The Surya Food and Agro Private Ltd. Bakery industry in India is probably the largest among the processed food industries, production of which has been increasing steadily in the country. Bakery products once considered as sick man’s diet have now become essential food items o f the vast majority of population. The two major bakery industries, viz. bread and biscuit account for about 82% of the total bakery products. The annual production of bakery products which includes bread, biscuits, pastries, cakes, buns, rusk, etc. , most of which are in the unorganized sector, is estimated to be in excess of 3 million tonnes. The production of bread and biscuits in the country both in the organized and unorganized sectors is estimated to be around 1. 5 million tonnes and 1. 1 million tonnes respectively. Of the total production of bread and biscuits, about 35% is produced in the organized sector and the remaining is manufactured in the unorganized sector. Indian Bakery sector is indicating significant growth both in terms of volumes and customer base.The sector, which is estimated at Rs 3,500 crore, is currently registering a 40% growth according to industry sources. The production of Bakery products has increased from 5. 19 lakh tonnes in 1975 to 18. 95 lakh tonn es in 1990 recording four-fold increase in 15 years. Some of the well-known and most frequented bakeries in the country are Sweet Chariot, Modern Bakery, Daily Bread in Bangalore, Monginis, Birdies, Croissants in the west, and in the north and eastern parts of the country, there are quite a few big players too. Bread is the cheapest and basic instant food available for consumption. Though bread is not a staple food in the country, its consumption has increased over the years.In India it is still a secondary staple food when compared to chapatti, puri or rice. The different types of bread available are White bread, Whole meal or whole wheat bread, mixed grain bread, Kibbled wheat and cracked wheat bread, Fibre-increased white breads, Rye bread Chapter 2 Company Profile INTRODUCTION TO BRITANNIA INDUSTRIES Britannia Industries Limited (BIL) is a major player in the Indian Foods market with leadership position in Bakery category. Its brand portfolio includes Tiger, Marie Gold, Good Day , 50:50 and Treat. The Company was born in 21st March of the year 1918 as a public limited company. The Companys plants are situated in Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai and Uttarakhand.In 1921, it became the first company east of the Suez Canal to use imported gas ovens. Britannias business was flourishing. But, more importantly, Britannia was acquiring a reputation for quality and value. As a result, during the tragic World War II, the Government reposed its trust in Britannia by contracting it to supply large quantities of service biscuits to the armed forces. A new factory was established in the year 1924 at Kasara Pier Road in Mumbai. In the same year, the Company became a subsidiary of Peek, Frean amp; Company Limited, U. K. , a leading biscuit manufacturing company, and further strengthened its position by expanding he factories at Calcutta and Mumbai. In 1952, the Kolkata factory was shifted from Dum Dum to spacious grounds at Taratola Road in the suburbs of Kolkata. During th e same year automatic plants were installed in Calcutta and later in 1954 the automatic plants were installed in Mumbai plant, also in the same year the development of high quality sliced and wrapped bread in India was initiated by the company and was first manufactured at Delhi and a new bread bakery was set up at Delhi in the year 1965. Britannia Biscuit Company takes over biscuit distribution from Parrys during the year 1975. In 1976, the company had introduced Britannia bread in Calcutta and Chennai.During the year 1978, the company made Public issue, in that Indian shareholding crossed 60%. The Company re-christened from Britannia Biscuit Company Limited to Britannia Industries Limited with effect from 3rd October of the year 1979. The Company had signed a 10-year technical collaboration agreement with Nebico Pvt Ltd. , Nepal during the year 1980 for the supply of know-how relating to manufacturing, packaging and marketing of biscuits and selection of plant and machinery. Durin g the year 1989, BILs Executive Office was relocated to Bangalore. During the year 1990, two new brands of biscuits, Elaichi Creamand and Petit Beurre were launched.Also, in the same year a new cashew badam variant of the brand Milk Bikis and brand extension of pure magic biscuit Vanilla cream were launched, Fruit bread was launched in Delhi. The Company launched two new speciality brands in the year 1991 viz. , Britannia milk bread and Britannia brown bread in Delhi and extended nationally its main brands Petit Beurre and Elaichi Cream. In 17th August of the year 1991, the Company handed over its Soya unit at Vidisha, MP to SM Dychem Ltd. BIL had celebrated its Platinum Jubilee in the year 1992. After a year in 1993, Wadia Group had acquired the stake in ABIL, UK and becomes an equal partner with Group Danone in BIL.The Company was in re birth phase during the year 1997, new corporate identity Eat Healthy, Think Better leads to new mission of Make every third Indian a Britannia con sumer and in the same year BIL entered into the dairy products market. In 1998, BIL had launched Half/Half, a soft cake filled with cream in two variants, chocolate-vanilla and vanilla-orange. The Company had rolled out its flavored milk brand Zip-Sip in tetrapaks in the year 1999. Zip-Sip had been launched in Mumbai and some markets in the South. Forbes Global Ranking was rated the company during the year 2000, Britannia among Top 300 small companies. In the same year, the company had launched Britannia Milkman Butter, a product under the Milkman brand.BIL made its fund in-principle agreement to acquire 49 per cent of Kwality Biscuits in the year 2001 through internal accruals. During the year 2002, the company had entered into a joint venture with the Fonterra Cooperative Group, New Zealands biggest company and one of the leading diary co-operative groups in the world and the Britannia New Zealand Foods Pvt. Ltd was born. Pure Magic, the companys product was winner of the Worldsta r, Asiastar and Indiastar award for packaging in the same year 2002. After a year, in 2003, BIL had launched Treat Duet, most successful of the year and Britannia Khao World Cup Jao rocks the consumer lives yet again.During the year 2004, Britannia accorded the status of being a Superbrand and the brand Good Day added a new variant Choconut in its range. Reviewed marketing alliance with the Kolkata-based Thacker Dairy Products Pvt Ltd. In the year 2005, Britannia New Zealand had launched health drink for adult. The new plant in Uttaranchal, commissioned during the year 2005, it was ahead of schedule. In the same year, launched yet another exciting snacking option the Britannia 50-50 Pepper Chakkar. BIL had forged a strategic alliance with CCD Daily Bread Pvt Ltd in the year 2006, a Bangalore based Company engaged in manufacturing and retailing of premium breads, cakes snacks and high end ready to eat foods.In the year 2007, Britannia industries formed a joint venture with the Khimji Ramdas Group and acquired a 70 percent beneficial stake in the Dubai-based Strategic Foods International Co. LLC and 65. 4% in the Oman-based Al Sallan Food Industries Co. SAOG. The company was rated as the No 1 Most Trusted Food Brand in a survey conducted by AC Nielsen ORGO-MARG and published in Economic Times in the year 2007. Britannia launched Iron fortified Tiger Banana biscuits, Good Day Classic Cookies, Low Fat Dahi and renovated MarieGold during the period of 2008. BIL was ranked 27th place in the list of Indias Fastest Growing Large Companies by Business Today, Special on June of the year 2008. The story of one of Ind

Attracting and Retaining Local Workers Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Attracting and Retaining Local Workers - Thesis Example NGOs are funded by various organizations such as government, private companies, individuals and self help associations. In 1997, Fisher has pointed out that steady rise of NGOs has captivated imagination of policymakers, social activists and local government. Research on consumer psychology shows that NGOs are generally idealized as â€Å"doing good† initiatives. International NGOs use various techniques for managing and hiring local labors. In general case Nongovernmental organizations distribute fringe benefits such as healthy working condition, higher pay and shorter hours in order to attract and retain local employees. Private level social organizations offer higher pay package in comparison to government agencies. International NGOs use flexible recruitment and selection process in order to hire local people. Introduction Very few researchers have contributed in the field of quantitative evaluations of employee retention due to intangible nature of benefits offered by non governmental organizations. Academic studies have revealed that employee retention strategy varies in accordance to nature of project accomplished by a particular NGO. In 2003, Kremer has pointed out that educational outcome such as knowledge sharing plays cordial role for NGOs to positive image among local people. In 2002, Kremer, Moulin, and Namunyu has described that NGOs working in Kenya, South Africa and Uganda provides textbooks, uniforms and foods to local employees in order to attract and retain them. In 2003, Duflo and Kremer have argued about the benefits employee retention programs implemented by NGOs. According to them detailed research by NGOs is needed before deciding any strategy specially designed in order to attract and retain employees. In 2002, Mendelson and Glenn have argued that NGOs practicing employee retention strategy achieve better performance in comparison to others. Problem Statement and Research Questions In 1998, Lewis has pointed out that role of NGOs have been changed in recent time in accordance to global context. Now days NGOs are actively participating in not only social welfare but contributing to international development also. International NGOs operating in Africa are playing significant role in various issues such as deciding the dynamics of government policy, contributing to sustainable development of the country and implementing social change in larger context. Such issues have forced various researchers (such as Edwards and Hulme in their paper published in 1995, Brett in 1993) to investigate performance and management of NGOs operating in Africa (Mukasa, 1999). In 1988, Campbell has found that NGOs operating autonomously in both southern and northern Africa receive donation from business houses, independent donor agencies. Although many researchers have tried to explore operational efficiency of NGOs operating in Africa but very few of them tried to explore internal issues such as tension between local people and exp atriates regarding nature of work, employee retention strategy adopted by various NGOs and other significant issues. Very few researchers have tried to explore motivation and perception of employees about the working environment of international NGOs operating in Africa. In 1992, research scholars such as Billis and MacKeith have tried to address

A Doll's House initial thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Doll's House initial thoughts - Essay Example Torvald. She is deeply concerned about the future of her children and their well being. The sacrificial nature of women in a marriage relationship is clearly illustrated by Mrs. Linde and Nora Helmer which offers a good lesson to women. Nora had to commit a very serious crime of forging her father’s signature so as to provide money to take her ailing husband to Italy so that he would recover. Mrs Linde had to be married to a man she didn’t love in her bid to generate funds in order to support her family which puts her at crossroads with Mr. Krogstad whom she truly loved. Submission in marriage is portrayed by Nora who seems totally submitted to her husband. However it is evident that there is a thin line between submissions and to be taken advantage of and therefore the story calls for caution in approaching such issues in marriage. It is worth noting that there are some mistakes that women need to be aware of in a marriage set up so that they do not cause disharmony in the family. Nora decides to keep the crime she committed as a top secret that her husband was not to be made aware of. In the long run, he decision to disclose the matter to Mrs. Linde leads her into serious problems when her husband gets to know the truth. Through this incident, women in a literature class are able to learn the pit holes that should be avoided so as to have harmonious relationships in the

Electromagnetic Bomb Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic Bomb Essay Have you ever been without electricity for more than an hour? One day? Three days? You never realize how much you value electricity until you are without it. As a society we depend on electricity to run everything from are refrigerator to our businesses to are motor vehicles. Technology is always progressing with new inventions; in the case of the electromagnetic bomb this is no different. The electromagnetic bomb or E-bomb is another form of a weapon of mass destruction. The E-bomb takes advantage of how we rely so heavily on electricity. It is designed to not just disable but destroy electronic devices by sending out an electromagnetic pulse or an EMP. An EMP is a burst of electromagnetic radiation from an explosion, the resulting electric and magnetic fields merge with electronic systems to produce catastrophic currents and voltage surges. An EMP is a form of electromagnetic induction as this is the production of voltage. If an E-bomb were to explode it alters the magnetic flux lines of the earth meaning the North won’t be as affected but the East, South and West will experience the eye of the blast if you will. This would mean thousands of volts of electromagnetic energy from the highest positives to the highest negative polarities transferred via air and power lines. This is an important weapon in have in a war as it can take out your opponent’s form of communication. This is a unique weapon of mass destruction because it does not directly take the lives of human beings, rather takes the things away that are essential for living. Even though the E-bomb is still considered to be in a research stage if it were to be paired with a relatively small nuclear warhead that exploded in the atmosphere it could send out enough power to wipe out power coast to coast in the United States. Like stated before even now this type of technology is still in a research phase but there is speculation that the USA used one during the 1991 Gulf War. In basic principles An E-bomb is as complex as a radio (which is not very). Electric current produces a magnetic field and changing a magnetic field can induce current. To give you an example a small radio transmission emits enough energy to send it to a receiver, what an E-bomb does is highly intensifies the current frying the semi conductor making it beyond repair. The E-bomb is considered a weapon of mass destruction, it does not kill humans directly but it causes drastic effects where it can destroy a society. An electromagnetic bomb acts in a finesse manner as other nuclear war heads bring the power. This technology is a dangerous power to have and needs to be exercised only in the most extreme circumstances, which there shouldn’t be as this world as a whole needs to strive for peace and leave the World Wars behind us. Let’s clear something up right now, this technology is simple by deadly and can destroy a countries foundation. Imagine if the USA had permanent power outage nationwide, what would that mean for the richest country in the world? What would that mean for the rest of the work that depends on trading the USA? When you take out a global player the United States it affects them in an enormous way but every other country and there are a lot of them are now affected in a social and economical manner. Many countries in the developing world depend on the aid that is provided to them by the United States. If such a disaster were to happen to the US they would not be in any position to provide this aid anymore. So many products are manufactured in the USA on a daily basis that is traded to so many other nations that depend on these products. It affects other countries that now have to provide aid to the United States for them to rebuild their nation. If this was to happen a stalk market crash will occur and here comes another ‘Great Depression’. Where ever an E-Bomb goes off it will completely wipe out the area’s economy as every electronic device would need to be replaced including all computer systems and motor vehicles. Think about how much data would be lost of a company like Microsoft or Apple was to completely lose their networks. It makes it very difficult to survive if there is no power to freeze and refrigerate and cook food or retrieve water. Think about how un-healthy it would be to have all the sewage back up and no where to put your garbage. The environment in the affected areas would take a drastic turn for the worse. Granted Nuclear warheads are deadly from the time they explode. An E-bomb will keep the buildings standing but no power to run them. An E-bomb is slow painful death rather then a quick blast you are dead.

Football Player :: Sports, Personal Goals, NFL

My dream job in the future would be professional football player. I have loved the game of football since I was a little kid because it’s a good sport and you can tackle the player and catch and do anything in the sport as long as you follow the rules. The colleges that I’m looking forward to go to are UNC, Oregon, or Appalachian State. If a football player is interested in becoming a professional football player, it’s essential to be on a college football team. If a player wants to go to the pros, he should attend a college that puts a lot of emphasis on its football program. If the player shows promise on a college team, that’s one way to open the door to being successful. Players need to learn about the sport, in addition to knowing the rules, regulations, and policies. They should read about the history and about the players of the past (Field 11). It is also imperative that the athlete train to become a professional football player and start out early like youth football leagues (â€Å"How†¦Professional†). NFL players need an education in case of injuries or if they can’t play for any reason. Players can have a degree in any type of subject. If a player wants to play in the NFL, he has to attend a college or a university that has a good football program. Some players come from high school but most players come from a four year college (Field 11). If you have a son that is going to be in the NFL who wants to play linemen, he has to be about 6’8† tall and weigh around 350 lbs. Players have to know the game. They can’t hope to be a NFL player if they don’t understand how to play the game (Green 174). The training and practices required to play professional football are intense. You have to wear uncomfortable pads and helmets and endure grueling practices in the heat of the summer and you have to lift weights every day (Green 174). You have to train no matter what position you play. What’s important about is how the position works and how it contributes to the game. Young boys must join high school football team, the road to football star begins in high school.

Generation Music

It is All the Same Thing If you are a teenager then you have heard that the music of today is trash and it will never compare to the music of the past. What makes our music so much worse? The songs are saying the exact same thing. What is the difference between music now and music then? As I listen to the music of the past, I notice that their way of presenting the music differs from music today. The way they used words were masks for what they were actually saying, but now artists say exactly what they mean.In Rick James's hit â€Å"Mary Jane†, for example, he is talking about his excessive use of Marijuana. A person who has no knowledge of Marijuana would not know what Rick James was referring to when he said Mary Jane. He calls Mary Jane a she as if it were a real woman. He uses personification to express his passion for weed. â€Å"I'm in love with Mary Jane. She's my main thing. She makes me feel alright. She makes my heart sing†¦ Takes me to paradise. † His o pening verse is all expressing his love for weed and how weed makes him feel.Wiz Khalifa is a rapper known for his weed obsession. In his song â€Å"Up†, he Just comes right out and says that everything is better when you are high. He does not hide behind nicknames and descriptive words. Both songs agree that weed makes life better. Although both songs are equally bad influences, â€Å"Mary Jane† would be better entitled than â€Å"Up†. Betty Wright's song â€Å"Slip and Do It† is all about taking another woman's significant other. She says â€Å"Girl, don't blame me for what I'm doin'. It's your man; he won't leave me alone!And it feels so good when you slip and do it. † She is practically saying that cheating is not bad, and that women whose men cheat on them are at fault. The message is completely wrong, but the song was a hit. Her vocals and beat distract from the real message of her song. If an artist of todays time made a song even close to B etty Wright's song then it would be titled as trash. For example, Trey Songz's â€Å"Cheat On You† has never been a hit. Although Trey Songz is a talented artist, his music will somehow never mount to the music of the past.Trey Songz and Betty Wright messages are the same, but Betty Wright's song was a hit. Songs with the same messages, but different time periods are looked at differently. One is titled as award worthy, but the other has never gotten the attention it deserves. Time has changed, but messages in music have remained the same. The contrast between music of different time periods is hard to find. Music of the past and music of the present both present the same messages. The music Generation Music By shidahbee

The Formula for Gay-Lussacs Law

Gay-Lussac’s Law is a special case of the ideal gas law. This law only applies to ideal gases held at a constant volume allowing only the pressure and temperature to change. Gay-Lussac’s Law is expressed as:Pi/Ti Pf/TfwherePi initial pressureTi initial absolute temperaturePf final pressureTf final absolute temperature It is extremely important to remember the temperatures are absolute temperatures measured in Kelvin, NOT  °C or  °F.